Future
Perfect Tense
TENSES
The word ‘tense’ is derived from Latin
word ‘tempus’ and it means time. Basically tense conveys the time of action.
Tenses are mainly divided into parts –
Present, Past and Future. They are further subdivided into three categories –
Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous.
PRESENT TENSE |
PAST TENSE |
FUTURE TENSE |
PRESENT INDEFINITE |
PAST INDEFINITE |
FUTURE INDEFINITE |
PRESENT CONTINUOUS |
PAST CONTINUOUS |
FUTURE CONTINUOUS |
PRESENT PERFECT |
PAST PERFECT |
FUTURE PERFECT |
PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS |
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS |
FUTURE PERFECT
CONTINUOUS |
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
FUTURE PERFECT TENSE is generally used
to describe actions that will be completed by certain time in future or the
time (future) we talk about.
Usage of Future Perfect Tense
1. The Future Perfect tense is used to
indicate completion of action by certain time in future -
e.g. I shall have completed my project
by coming Monday. (completion of work by certain time in future)
2. The Future Perfect tense is used to indicate
completion of action before another action in future -
e.g. The old goods will have been sold
before the new stock arrives. (action completed before other action in future)
3. This tense is used to express an action that
is fairly certain to be happening in future -
e.g. Next month this
flyover will have been completed. (certain to be completed at a time in future)
4. It
is used for planed future events/decisions -
e.g. They will have left Malaysia next
month for their new job in India. (planned event in future)
My parents will have been shifted to Bangalore
by the end of this year. (decided event in future)
5. This Tense is used to express the future
event in sequence of simple present -
e.g. They shall have left for Jaipur
by the time we reach there. (in sequence of simple present)
Time Expressions used in this tense
Adverbs/prepositions/phrases used in
the tense
by tomorrow by evening
by tomorrow this time
already till tomorrow morning by evening
by 9 p.m. by this week
before you reach
by this weekend by end of this year
by coming Monday
Verb Form used in this tense
Basic structure of a sentence in this
tense is Subject + will/shall + have + third form of Verb + Object ( S+V+O )
Verb in this tense consists of three
elements –
1. Appropriate form of auxiliary
‘will/shall’
2. Base form of ‘have’ - have
3. Third form of main verb (V3) –
been, taught, learnt, given, etc.
Will/shall + have |
V3 (third form of main verb) |
I shall have |
completed the story by next week. |
The teacher will have |
completed Tenses by coming Friday. |
She will have |
learnt Tenses before the test. |
I shall have |
left for Agra when you reach my place. |
They will have |
given their performance by tomorrow this time. |
Uses of Will and shall
It does not matter if the subject is
singular or plural the formula for the simple
future tense does not change-
We generally use will with I, you
,they, we, he, she and it .
We use shall with I and we.
Uses of ‘Will’ :
1. when we decide to do something at
the time of speaking -
Examples:
I will have a glass of orange juice.
She will lie down for some time as she
is tired.
3. to express the views of the speaker
Examples:
I will consult a specialist for my eye
problem.
I will not go for a walk as it is very
humid.
4. to offer to do something
Examples :
I will make a cup of coffee for the
guests.
I will pay your telephone bill.
5. to request somebody to do something
Example:
Will you bring my bag please?
6. to promise to do something
Example:
I will help you in the Science
assignment.
Uses of ‘Shall’ :
These days, shall is mainly used to
ask questions, to give suggestions or to make offers, seek or offer help.
Note : Will is used for
certainty and assurance and shall is used for promise and offer of help. Shall
is more formal and literary and will is used more commonly and more frequently
Example:
a) Shall I lay the table for dinner? (offer)
b) Shall we take the children to the
circus this Sunday? (suggestion)
c) Shall we leave now?( question)
Note : Two future tenses
can’t be used in a sentence, in case of two clauses, one clause should be in
simple present tense while the other in any of the future tenses.
MORE EXAMPLES :
They shall have left the city by the
time you arrive.
2. My father will have reached home by
evening.
3. I shall have completed my home work by
tomorrow.
4. My friends will have left for picnic by
now.
5. Will you have learnt all these theorems by
the end of this week?
6. When I get home, my mother will have
prepared lunch.
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