Learning Present Indefinite Tense

Tenses

The word ‘tense’ is derived from Latin word ‘tempus’ and it means time. Basically tense conveys the time of action.

Tenses are mainly divided into parts – Present, Past and Future. They are further subdivided into three categories – Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous.

PRESENT TENSE	PAST TENSE	FUTURE TENSE
PRESENT INDEFINITE	PAST INDEFINITE	FUTURE INDEFINITE
PRESENT CONTINUOUS	PAST CONTINUOUS	FUTURE CONTINUOUS
PRESENT PERFECT	PAST PERFECT	FUTURE PERFECT
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS	PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS	FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT TENSE AT A GLANCE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE OR PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE is generally used to describe actions that occur in the present time but that are not happening right now.

We use the Simple Present Tense when an action takes place now, or when it happens regularly, daily or generally.

Basic structure of a sentence in this tense is Subject + Verb 1 + Object (S+V+O)

Simple Present Tense is used to –

1. express a habitual action :

e.g.     He tells a lie.

      

            Paul practises piano every day.

     

            Puja swims in morning.

2. convey a work done as a daily routine :

e.g. My mother cooks for me.

       We take eggs in breakfast.

       My father goes for a walk in morning.

3. express facts and general/universal truths :

e.g.  The Sun rises in the east.

        They  deal in Electronics.       

       

        My aunt is German by birth.

4. denote a planned or arranged event :

e.g. The Super Kids starts at 8:30 p.m.

        The Shatabdi Express arrives at 9 a.m.

        Mr. Verma travels during the summer.

5. express preference, character, condition :

e.g. I love to read books.

      

       The car looks old.

       Sweta is punctual.

Video on Integrated Present Tense

Adverbs/Adverb phrases used -

 Always                      Daily

Usually                      Sometimes

Never                         Seldom

Rarely                                    Often

Every day                 Generally

Twice a day              In morning

Verb form used in the Tense–

Verb's base form is used (first form of verb)

 Singular subject takes singular verb. (verb 1+ s/es)

 Plural subject takes plural verb. (verb 1 without s/es)

Plural verbs   Verb 1 (first form)	Singular verbs   Verb 1 + s / es
sleep	sleeps
Work	Works
Play	Plays
Try	Tries
Go	Goes
Do	Does
watch	watches
relax	relaxes
dance	dances
write	writes

Examples :

 You seem tired.

 I brush my teeth twice a day.

 Rohini enjoys playing the piano.

 Spiders make webs.

 He is very hard working.

My sister knows Bharatnatyam.

 Sonu does not like vanilla.

 These girls practise every day for three hours.

 Ananya studies in a boarding school.

I love to read mystery books.

Note : I and You in spite of being singular take plural verb. It is an exception to the rule.

Exercise for practice

1.     Mr. Smith _________ us Spanish. (teach)

2.     Mona ______________ how to swim. (not know)

3.     Cows ________ in fields. (graze)

4.     Rakesh _________ care of his sister. (take)

5.      I _________ coffee to tea. (prefer)

6.     My granny _________ very beautiful. (be)

7.     We _________ every day for an hour. (play)

8.     My parents _____________ English. (not speak)

9.     Aunt Lisa __________ cookies for me. (bake)

10.                        One of my friends ________ very well. (dance)   

Answers :

1.     Teaches   2. Does not know    3. Graze   4. Take   5. Prefer

6. Is   7. Play   8. Do not speak   9. Bakes   10. dances

Video on Integrated Tense Practice

                         

Present Indefinite tense
https://youtu.be/_oNSt-QWCPY

How to write a story

Story Writing

What is a story?

A story is a series of events, incidents and experience involving characters and action.

Elements of a story

1.     Setting

description or mention of time, place, occasion, etc. – what where and when

2.     Plot

Main idea, concept or incident around which whole story revolves or develops and action takes place around it 

3.     Characters

main characters/people involved in in the action/story, speaking their dialogues

4.     Interest/surprise

invoking/arousing interest of audience through some twists or unlikely turns or unexpected incidents/act/event, including nail biting moments 

5.     Theme

The notion/theory/thought the author wants to highlight/convey through the story, characters and dialogues

PHASES OF DEVELOPMENT OF A STORY

1.     EXPOSITION

Proper beginning of story should reveal the place, time, scene and main characters which the story is all about, e.g. once upon a time there was a kind and just king in the kingdom of Rajgarh.

2.     ACTION

Interesting happening or incident should take place as story advances. Some or other thing should happen at each step.

3.     CONFLICT

Occurrence of some problem/hindrance/unlikely incident should happen as the story reaches its middle. Hindrance may be natural, social or psychological.

4.     CLIMAX

Problem becomes graver or intense and nail biting moment should arise as the action reaches its peak and anything could happen, next. The readers must think, “now what”?

5.     ANTI CLIMAX

The action falls down and the resolution of problem begins by appearance of someone/some happening. Something happens which is contrary to climax and the story becomes even more interesting.

6.     RESOLUTION

The intricate problem which reaches at its climax gets solved and everything settles for a Happy Ending.

Note : Every story may not have a happy ending, necessarily. It may have a tragic, unexpected or unconventional ending.

Language and Style

1.     An interesting title should be written at the top in the centre and it should be underlined.

2.     You must start your story with the beginning given in the question/task.

3.     Story should be narrated in the first or third person of pronoun, e.g. I or he.

4.     Scenes and characters should be described.

5.     Dialogues must be given to the characters.

Example of a Story

Q. Once, there was a boy in a village. His name was Abdul. He lived with his mother in a small hut. One day, the boy headed for the city to sell the bundle of his logs as it was his livelihood ………. Complete the story in about 200-250 words.

A Stranger

Once, there was a boy in a village. His name was Abdul. He lived with his mother in a small hut. One day, the boy headed for the city to sell the bundle of his logs as it was his livelihood ………. Abdul sold all his logs by evening and he was very happy to earn good amount of money. 

While he was going back, it started raining heavily. Now, he was worried to think that his notes may get wet. Next moment, he saw a small house at a distance. He thought of getting into that house but was scared. Then, he realised that somebody tapped on his shoulder. “You will get wet, here,” said the man in his forties, “come with me, I live nearby.” As they both started for his home in hurry, Abdul saw a stranger coming towards them. However, he did not give much attention to him. 

They reached the house and as he was about to sit on a cot, he saw a knife in the man’s hand. Before he could speak anything, the man stared at him with wild eyes and roared, “Give me the money.” “I am very poor and my mother would be waiting for me, please leave me,” Abdul uttered in a feeble voice. The man clutched his shirt took his money forcibly. Abdul fell at his feet and said, “I can’t go to my mother empty handed, please give my money back.” Therefore, he decided to kill Abdul. As he was going to stab him with his knife, the stranger appeared from nowhere like a messiah and held his hand. After struggling for some time, the stranger got control over him and snatched his knife. He forced the man to give money back to Abdul. 

While he was thinking what happened and how it happened, he reached his home with his mother waiting for him with tears in her eyes.

Video on Story Writing 

https://youtu.be/2-AY5VvOTSg

How to write letter for placing order

Letter for placing order

Ø It is a written as business communication

Ø It may be written for official / business / government / individual purpose

Ø It follows the format and language of formal letter

Format

Sender’s address (3-4 lines)

Leave a line

Date (DDMMYYYY)

Leave a line

Receiver’s address (3-4 lines)

Leave a line

Subject (topic in brief)

Leave a line

Salutation (Sir/Ma’am)

Content       1 Paragraph – reference to advertisement, previous communication,                                   catalogue or quotation, place the order

2 Paragraph – details of product (s), type, brand, quantity/number, colour, size, style or code, in form of table of items

3 Paragraph – discuss the quality, discount, delivery mode/date, payment mode (COD/DD/cheque)

4 Paragraph – complimentary close (Thank you), enclosures (if any)

Subscription (Yours faithfully/sincerely)

Writer’s Name/ABC

Designation (if any)

Contact no.

Language Particulars

Ø Use Simple Present / Present Continuous Tense mainly.

Ø Use Passive Voice where it is required.

Ø Be specific and precise about the order.

Ø Give details and clarity about items’ name, code, style, size, colour, quantity, etc.

Ø Use short and uncomplicated sentences to avoid ambiguity/confusion.

Ø There should be no verbiage.

Ø Language should be formal, polite and business like.

Video on The Letter of Complaint

Sample Letter

Q. As the Manager of Silver Line Restaurant, Ashok Nagar, New Delhi write a letter to the Sales Manager, Prakash Electronics, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, for placing an order for some electrical appliances.

Ans.

B-109, Phase I

Silver Line Restaurant

Ashok Nagar

New Delhi

15 May 2018

The Sales Manager

Prakash Electronics

Vasant Kunj

New Delhi

Subject :  Placement of order for electrical items

Sir / Ma'am

This is with reference to your quotation dated 12 May 2018 that we place an order for the following electrical appliances.

S. No.	Items’ name	Item code	No. of items	Brand
1.	AC	028	10	Samsung
2.	Microwave	039	10	LG
3.	LCD TV	041	05	Samsung
4.	LED Bulbs	015	20	Philips

We are placing this order based on the quotation sent by your centre. We are assured that all the items would be of best quality and in perfect condition. We hope that packaging cost is included in the price mentioned. In case of damage during delivery it would be borne by you.

Needless to say, 15% discount would be given as specified in your quotation letter. Payment will be made by cash on delivery. I would like to make a special mention that the items should reach by 20 May 2018.

Thank you.

Yours truly

ABC

Manager, Silver Line Restaurant

Contact - 9811xxxxxx

Video on Letter for Placing Order 

https://youtu.be/d3xknwKB7v4